全球早古生代造山带(Ⅰ):碰撞型造山   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李三忠  杨朝  赵淑娟  李玺瑶  郭玲莉  余珊  刘鑫  索艳慧  兰浩圆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(4):945-967

自新元古代罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解以来,早古生代是板块构造运动活跃时期,具有板块运动速度较快、构造格局不稳定、块体之间相互作用复杂多变等特征,造山带演化极其复杂,导致全球早古生代古大陆重建现今仍较模糊。特别是,早古生代末450~400 Ma存在全球性准同时的造山运动,已经出现俯冲增生、碰撞、陆内3种类型的全球尺度造山带。本文侧重论述全球早古生代碰撞类型造山带的特征,总结典型碰撞造山带最新的年代学、变质、变形和岩浆作用特征及其时空分布。早古生代全球碰撞型造山带主要分布在南半球的泛非造山带和北半球的加里东期造山带,分别与南方冈瓦纳大陆和北方劳俄古陆的初步集结密切相关,早古生代碰撞造山主要体现在大陆块之间的碰撞作用为特征。这些早古生代碰撞造山带具有近似的碰撞年龄,大致相同的演化过程。其中,南方大陆主体碰撞完成于540 Ma,而北方大陆主体集结完成于420 Ma,从全球构造意义上可能意味着全球一个420~400 Ma的超大陆初步形成。  相似文献   

西昆仑早古生代岩浆弧大同岩体中埃达克质岩石的成因及地质意义     

曹颖  王建  刘建国  包真艳  宋樾  李爱 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(2):425-442

大同岩体位于西昆仑柯冈-库地-其曼于特和麻扎-康西瓦两条蛇绿混杂岩带之间。为进一步了解西昆仑早古生代岩浆弧中某些具体岩石类型、岩浆产生机理、地质意义及成因联系,本文从岩相学、主微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素等方面,对大同岩体中和外围新发现的埃达克质岩石进行了研究。埃达克质岩石由石英二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩两种岩性组成,呈独立的岩体和大同主岩体中的脉体两种产状,高硅(w(SiO₂)≥60.34%)、高铝(w(Al₂O₃)≥14.73%)、富碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)≥6.40%)、低镁(w(MgO)≤2.35%),以及高锶(w(Sr)≥504×10^-6)、低钇(w(Y)≤17.20×10^-6)和高Sr/Y(平均为70.88),富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,不同程度负Eu异常及Ta、Nb、P和Ti亏损。锆石U-Pb测年显示,埃达克质岩石年龄为(443.6±1.4)~(462.0±1.0)Ma,与大同主岩体的形成年龄相当。锆石ε_Hf(t)为-7.28~4.56(平均-0.84),我们认为埃达克质岩石是由原特提斯洋洋壳及部分洋壳之上的陆源沉积物向南俯冲过程中,发生部分熔融形成的熔体上升过程中与地幔楔橄榄岩反应,最后定位于地壳浅层的结果。通过与大同岩体主岩体对比,对早古生代岩浆弧的形成和演化有了更深入的了解。  相似文献   

皖南地区古生界页岩孔隙特征及影响因素     

张明扬  李贤庆  王哲  董泽亮  郭曼  牛海岩  郭俊枫 《现代地质》2016,30(1):172-180

为了评估下扬子皖南地区古生界页岩气储层性质,应用扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞法、N₂和CO₂气体吸附法,对皖南地区古生界页岩孔隙特征和孔隙结构进行研究,并探讨页岩孔隙发育的主要影响因素。结果表明,皖南地区古生界页岩孔隙度和渗透率低,页岩样品中常见粒间孔、凝絮孔、溶蚀孔、基质晶间孔和有机质孔,并且发育微米-纳米级孔隙。古生界页岩孔隙中50%以上为微孔和介孔;孔隙结构主要为圆柱孔、狭缝型孔和混合型孔,平均孔径范围为4.17~12.06 nm。页岩孔容和比表面积随着有机碳(TOC)含量的增大而增大;页岩孔隙度随着有机质成熟度(R_o)的增大而减小;页岩孔容随着黏土矿物含量的增加而增大,随着脆性矿物含量的增加而减小。  相似文献   

嫩江黑河构造带收缩与伸展——源自晚古生代花岗岩类的地球化学证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪岩  付俊彧  杨帆  那福超  陈会军  张昱  杨晓平  张铁安 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(2):374-388

黑龙江省嫩江至黑河一带发育大量的晚古生代花岗岩类岩石,同位素测年结果显示主要集中在3个时代:早石炭世、晚石炭世和早二叠世。岩石类型从花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩-碱长花岗岩等均有不同出露,石炭纪部分岩石遭受韧性剪切变质变形作用改造形成花岗质糜棱岩。岩石整体具有高硅、富钾钠特征;稀土元素总量偏高,铕负异常明显;微量元素具明显的大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Th富集和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Ti亏损特征。其中石炭纪花岗岩类地球化学特征显示陆缘弧及同碰撞花岗岩特点,二叠纪花岗岩则表现后造山花岗岩特点。二者反映了由碰撞造山向板内后造山阶段转变的构造环境特点,也反映了嫩江-黑河构造带汇聚拼合与伸展的活动史。  相似文献   

埕岛油田古生界地层特征及其构造意义     

张在振  李照延  康海亮  彭定亮  周红科  高若函 《现代地质》2015,29(6):1377-1386

中国东部断陷盆地基底古 生界潜山具有良好的成藏条件,是基岩油藏重要的勘探领域。渤海湾盆地埕岛油田基底古生界沉积厚度大、岩石类型多、地层残留复杂、构造应力不同,决定了储层物性的平面及纵向差异性,进而影响 了油气成藏的差异性,因此开展地层残留规律的研究是区域古生界油气勘探的关键。以往对地层残留的研究多依据钻井揭示与地震解释的表象研究,缺乏成因过程的深入分析。基于井、震资料分析,开 展了地层发育序列、残留规律研究,在此基础上探讨了研究区地层残留特征的构造意义。主要取得了以下认识：(1)研究区古生界主要发育了寒武系、下-中奥陶统、中-上石炭统及二叠系;(2)古生界整 体呈现出现今南高北低、东高西低的特征。受负反转构造控制,潜山带构造低部位地层残留少;(3)从地层展布规律分析了其经历的主要风化剥蚀期次,推测了地质历史时期的构造特征,佐证了区域构造 演化过程;为东部叠合盆地基底古生界地层特征研究及构造演化提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

内蒙古吉尔嘎郎图早古生代岩体成因——年代学、地球化学及Nd-Hf同位素制约   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨泽黎  王树庆  胡晓佳  赵华雷  李承东  辛后田  孙立新 《地质通报》2017,36(8):1369-1384

兴蒙造山带北缘断续分布的早古生代岩浆岩带,对古生代构造格局恢复及造山带演化研究具有重要意义。阿巴嘎旗北部吉尔嘎郎图岩体位于该岩浆岩带中段,为带内最大的早古生代复式侵入体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体早期花岗闪长岩单元成岩年龄为455.0~495.6Ma。在主量元素组成上,岩体SiO_2含量中等(59.49%~68.22%),贫铁、镁,K_2O/Na_2O值(0.64~0.85)小于1,A/CNK=0.96~1.09,整体具有亚碱、弱过铝特征。稀土及微量元素方面,岩体富Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、P及高场强元素Nb、Ta等,稀土元素总量中等,具有弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.52~0.82)。Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩体具有亏损的同位素组成,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.7053~0.7034,ε_(Nd)(t)=0.39~4.29,2件Hf同位素样品ε_(Hf)(t)均为正值,分别为ε_(Hf)(t)=7.6~10.8和ε_(Hf)(t)=3.7~7.9。岩石地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素综合分析表明,吉尔嘎郎图岩体是早古生代古亚洲洋沿苏左旗—锡林浩特一线向北俯冲背景下,遭受了俯冲板片析出流体交代作用影响的新生下地壳部分熔融的产物,后期由于弧后拉张、贺根山洋盆打开与主体岛弧带分离,最终随着古亚洲洋的整体闭合,形成了与俯冲带彼此分隔的格局。  相似文献   

Assessment of thermal evolution of Paleozoic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Poland is considered the most prospective country for shale gas production in Europe. Hydrocarbon generation/expulsion scenarios, drawn in the latest intensive exploration phases, tend to overestimate maturation levels when compared with brand new data acquired after recent drillings. We tested an integrated workflow to correlate published and original thermal maturity datasets for the Paleozoic to Jurassic successions cropping out in the Holy Cross Mountains. These successions, when preserved in subsurface, host the major source rocks in the area. The application of the workflow allowed us to highlight the burial and thermal evolutionary scenarios of the two tectono-stratigraphic blocks of the Holy Cross Mountains (Łysogòry and Kielce blocks) and to propose this approach as a tool for reducing levels of uncertainty in thermal maturity assessment of Paleozoic successions worldwide. In particular, published datasets including colour alteration indexes of Paleozoic microfossils (conodont, acritarchs) and vitrinite and graptolite reflectance data, show differences in levels of thermal maturity for the Łysogòry (mid mature to overmature) and Kielce (immature to late mature) blocks. Original data, derived from optical analysis, pyrolysis, and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, and X-Ray diffraction on fine-grained sediments, mostly confirm and integrate published data distribution. 1D thermal models, constrained by these data, show burial and exhumation events of different magnitude, during the Late Cretaceous, for the Łysogòry (maximum burial depths of 9 km) and Kielce (burial depths of 6 km) blocks that have been related to the Holy Cross Fault polyphase activity. In the end, Palynomorph Darkness Index and Raman spectroscopy on kerogen, for Llandoverian and Cambrian rocks, turned out to be promising tools for assessing thermal maturity of Paleozoic organic facies devoid of vitrinite macerals.  相似文献   

Influence of detrital composition on the diagenetic history of tight sandstones with implications for reservoir quality: Examples from the Permian Xiashihezi Formation and Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation,Daniudi gas field,Ordos Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Tight-gas reservoirs, characterized by low porosity and low permeability, are widely considered to be the product of post-depositional, diagenetic processes associated with progressive burial. This study utilizes a combination of thin section petrography, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe and back scatter electron analysis, stable isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis to compare the diagenetic history, including porosity formation, within sandstones of the second member of Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation (C₃t₂) and the first member of Permian Xiashihezi Formation (P₁x₁) in the Ordos Basin in central China.In the P₁x₁ member, relatively high abundances of metamorphic rock fragments coupled with a braided river and lacustrine delta environment of deposition, produced more smectite for transformation to illite (50–120 °C). This reaction was driven by dissolution of unstable minerals (K-feldspar and rock fragments) during the early to middle stages of mesodiagenesis and consumed all K-feldspar. Abundant intragranular porosity (average values of 2.8%) and microporosity in kaolinite (average values of 1.5%) formed at these burial depths with chlorite and calcite developed as by-products.In the C₃t₂ member, relatively low abundances of metamorphic rock fragments coupled with an incised valley-coastal plain environment of deposition resulted in less smectite for transformation to illite. High K⁺/H⁺ ratios in the early pore waters related to a marine sedimentary environment of deposition promoted this reaction. Under these conditions, K-feldspar was partially preserved. During the middle to late stages of mesodiagenesis, K-feldspar breakdown produced secondary intragranular (average values of 1.4%) and intergranular pores (average values of 1.2%). Release of K⁺ ions promoted illitization of kaolinite with quartz overgrowths and ferrous carbonates developed as by-products.This study has demonstrated that whereas both members are typical tight-gas sandstones, they are characterized by quite different diagenetic histories controlled by the primary detrital composition, especially during mesodiagenesis. Types of secondary porosity vary between the two members and developed at different stages of progressive burial. The content of unstable detrital components, notably feldspar, was the key factor that determined the abundance of secondary porosity.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界煤系页岩气成藏地质条件     

陈亚光  朱崇林  张锟 《江苏地质》2017,41(1):54-61

鄂尔多斯盆地煤系页岩气储量巨大,主要赋存在盆地东缘的上古生界地层中。总结前人的研究成果,分析了该地区上古生界煤系泥页岩的空间分布特征（沉积环境和空间分布）,有机地球化学特征（总有机碳含量、干酪根类型和有机质成熟度）,储层物性特征（矿物种类及含量、孔隙度和渗透率、微裂缝发育情况）以及含气性特征等成藏条件。结果表明：鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界页岩分布广泛,累计厚度＞30 m,整体上TOC质量分数＞2.0%,镜质组反射率为1.00%～2.25%,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主、Ⅱ型次之,石英等脆性矿物含量高,属于低孔低渗储层,同时微裂缝较发育,这些地质条件有利于页岩气的形成与富集成藏。认为鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界煤系页岩具有巨大的页岩气资源潜力,其中山西组的页岩气成藏潜力最大,在后期的地质研究中应予以重视。  相似文献   

北祁连中段高压/低温混杂带——岩石学、地球化学和年代学证据          下载免费PDF全文

喻星星  张建新  毛小红  路增龙 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(2):196-212

详细的野外研究结果表明,北祁连中段清水沟-香子沟高压低温变质带中出露的变质岩主要有榴辉岩、蓝片岩、多硅白云母石英片岩、变硅质岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩。地球化学测试结果表明,榴辉岩原岩为大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛拉斑玄武岩;蓝片岩有两种类型,第1种蓝片岩原岩为基性-中基性火山岩,第2种蓝片岩原岩主要形成环境为大洋岛弧和/或大陆岛弧的沉积岩;多硅白云母石英片岩的原岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境;变硅质岩的原岩为形成于远离大陆边缘的沉积环境中的热水成因硅质岩;大理岩原岩为灰岩。榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示其原岩年龄为500±4 Ma,第1种蓝片岩原岩年龄为529±5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素表明,榴辉岩原岩明显受到了古老地壳的影响,基性蓝片岩的原岩源区为亏损地幔,后期没有或者极微弱地受到地壳物质的影响。结合已有研究资料,认为北祁连高压/低温变质带中变质岩的原岩类型具有明显的多样性特征,且原岩时代具有多期性特征。上述研究结果表明,古祁连洋在早古生代向北俯冲过程中,携带了不同性质和时代的岩石进入俯冲带深部,形成高压/低温变质条件下的混杂带,代表了早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的俯冲隧道。  相似文献